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| 1712 |
| | | Alexander Pope's Rape of the Lock introduces a delicate vein of mock-heroic in English poetry | |
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| 1796 |
| | | Napoleon creates in northern Italy the Cisalpine Republic, formed from occupied territores including the papal states of Bologna and Ferrara | |
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| 1797 |
| | | Pope Pius VI is seized by a French army in Rome and is taken off to captivity in France | |
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| 1801 |
| | | Napoleon mends France's fences with Roman Catholicism by agreeing a Concordat with Pope Pius VII | |
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| 1809 |
| | | Napoleon annexes the Papal States and is excommunicated by the pope, Pius VII | |
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| 1848 |
| | | The prime minister of the papal states, Pellegrino Rossi, is assassinated in Rome | |
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| 1848 |
| | | An uprising in Rome causes Pope Pius IX to flee for safety to a coastal fortress at Gaeta | |
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| 1849 |
| | | Pope Pius IX returns to Rome under the protection of French troops, with his enthusiasm for any form of change much reduced. | |
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| 1854 |
| | | Pope Pius IX issues a papal bull declaring that the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary is to be an article of faith for Catholics | |
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| 1857 |
| | | The old Cromwell House is demolished and a new one, designed by Robert Philip Pope, is completed by June 1858 | |
|  | Old Cromwell House, Mortlake
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